Fouling

Studies were performed to determine the effect of the presence of powdered activated carbon (PAC) on ultrafiltration (UF) process performance. The influence of PAC addition to the feed on permeate flux in terms of flux decline and the possibilities of membrane cleaning during backwashing were invest

Controlling fouling of membrane filtration installations (nanofiltration and reverse osmosis) is a major challenge for the water industry. Fouling affects the plant performance and increases the costs of plant operation. Diagnosis of the type(s) and extent of fouling is the essential first step for

Several nanofiltration and tight ultrafiltration membranes were tested by mill-site filtrations using a DSS-Labstak M20-filter. Retention, flux and fouling were analysed. Membranes were also characterised by measuring contact angles and pure water permeability. These data were used to explain the ex

A nanofiltration membrane has been developed by UV-photografting. Sodium p-styrene sulfonate was used for the modification of a polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane. The membrane cut-off was estimated. The grafted membranes have been evaluated for the removal of five different dyes with an aim to re

Ultrafiltration has been investigated for the concentration of diluted biopolymer solutions. Trials were realized with membranes of different molecular weight cut off (MWCO) and configuration modules. Results indicates that hollow fiber module gives the best results with the membrane of 6 kilodalton

In the present work, some of the factors that influence the rejection and fouling patterns observed during sugar-beet pulp extract ultrafiltration were examined. This material contained pectins, exhibiting a wide molecular weight distribution and a high tendency for aggregation. A dual pattern in th

The performance of nanofiltration (NF) with the addition of poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) for treatment of strontiumbearing nuclear wastewater was investigated using different NF membranes at various pH levels and PAA/Sr ratios. Greater Sr removal at elevated pH was attributed to the formation of SrCO3(

One of the major drawbacks for the introduction of membrane technology is the possible occurrence of fouling. Especially in newer processes such as nanofiltration, understanding of the mechanisms of flux decline and fouling is limited. Water fluxes obtained with nanofiltration of pure water are usua

Attenuated total reflection (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry provided insight into the chemical nature of deposits on polypropylene microfiltration membranes after filtration of two North American surface waters. The spectra of the foulants were easy to distinguish from the spect

An in-line coagulation (without settling)/UF process has been studied to improve membrane performance and water quality for surface water treatment. Using coagulation before UF increases permeate quality; the extent of dissolved organic matter removal is controlled by the coagulation step. Efficient