Reverse osmosis

Baja California Sur (BCS) is an arid sparsely populated coastal state in northwest Mexico. Population growth, agriculture and booming tourism have lead to severe overexploitation of underground aquifers and saline intrusion. This paper reviews the current water and energy situation in BCS. The state

Tunisia is a semi arid country; the shortage of good water quality in particular at the south regions forced the government to desalt brackish water via membrane technology such as RO to supply these regions with potable water. Station of Djerba Isle established in 2000 by SONEDE has a nominal capac

This paper discusses fouling in reverse osmosis in terms of the critical flux of foulants and the fouling mechanisms based on hydraulic resistance and loss of driving force due to cake-enhanced osmotic pressure (CEOP). In many cases CEOP is the dominant effect and this is exacerbated by the use of c

Fouling from the biomass present in seawater is a major drawback in the operation of marine reverse osmosis plants. Much in-plant work has been carried out to reduce or alleviate the problems, and there are some tools that can be used for assessing the probability of water causing biofouling. Howeve

Polyaluminium chloride (coagulant) is a very complex compound. The change in the ratio HCO3/CO2 during coagulation cause a change in pH in the subsequent RO unit (because CO2 is not rejected by the RO membrane), and it was found that this change is constant for any given recovery, e.g. at 75% recove

The potential for an autonomous wave-powered desalination system is considered and it is identified that the most promising configuration is a reverse osmosis (RO) plant utilising a pressure exchanger-intensifier for energy recovery. A numerical model of the RO plant with a pressure exchanger-intens

The main objective of this work was to investigate boron removal from seawater using two commercial high rejection SWRO membranes. The impact of solution pH, feed concentration, pressure, and cross-flow velocity on boron rejection and permeate flux was determined. The membranes used were the TorayTM

The dairy industry is among the most polluting of the food industries in volume in regard to its large water consumption. The present work was related to investigations about practices of water management of 11 dairy plants. Treatment of the process water produced in the starting, equilibrating, sto

The paper deals with a novel solar powered water desalination technique based on direct osmosis process. The separation is driven by natural osmosis, which does not require external pumping energy as in the reverse osmosis process. Therefore, the specific power consumption of the desalination proces

Recently, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models of flows in membrane channels have been proposed and validated against published simplified models available in the literature. In this paper, experimental and numerical analysis is performed for a reverse osmosis (RO) module and results compared i