Membrane fouling

Wastewater effluent organic matter (EfOM) was isolated into different fractions including colloids, and hydrophobic (HPO) and transphilic (TPI) fractions. The EfOM isolates were characterized by different techniques, for example, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with on-line UVA and DOC detectors

The aim of this paper is the presentation of a novel system for continuous monitoring of the operating variables involved in ultrafiltration process. The proposed system is based on the utilization of a data acquisition set, consisting of field point units supplied by National Instruments, connected

Manganese (Mn) removal is one of the many problems of using ground water since Mn is a common element in ground water. Mn cannot be removed by membrane filtration without being oxidized to manganese dioxide. To find an applicable and clean oxidation method, advanced oxidize processes (AOPs) and Mn s

Water type is the cornerstone in reverse osmosis system designing. However, the systematic differentiation and identification of different natural waters are almost missing. In the RO industry all natural waters are usually grouped under two types: brackish (1000–15000 mg/l) and seawater (>15,000 mg

Silica is one of the major foulants in desalination of brackish water. Its presence limits the water recovery and in addition once foulant is formed, the removal and cleaning is almost impossible. Therefore, the aim is to prevent silica fouling from the inception. One of the many complicating factor

Desalination plays an important role in producing pure water from brackish water. Reverse osmosis (RO) is by far the most efficient way to remove colloidal and dissolved silica, which can be found in high concentrations in brackish water. The presence of silica and its ability to foul membranes limi

This paper presents a review of some of the key methods of generating flow instabilities that have been implemented in membrane separation processes by various workers during the past few years (mainly the 1990s). The types and effects of incorporating these techniques are discussed based on the exp

Understanding of membrane fouling mechanisms enabled us to exclude certain pre-treatment steps when applying RO techniques to treat well and surface water. This approach is based on result of a long-term course of research devoted to determination of membrane scaling/fouling propensities for differe

Membrane fouling may be dissected into four types: complete pore blocking, incomplete pore blocking, standard pore blocking and external surface fouling (cake/gel deposition). Using our experimental data on nanofiltration (NF) of NaCl solutions containing biosodiummethylene-bis-naphthalene sulphonat