Wastewater

The effect of ion beam irradiation on the performance of two commercial water treatment membranes was studied. The results of this testing indicate that the irradiation induced structure modifications had a positive impact on the membranes application to wastewater treatment. Irradiation of the firs

Capillary nanofiltration (NF) enables raw water to be treated in a single step to produce high quality permeate. The permeate can be used as process water for the industry. Trial studies show that a stable operation is achievable using capillary NF without pretreatment (in other words direct NF), th

The increasing demands for wastewater treatment and the establishment of new processes and systems necessitate applied research. Especially in the field of membrane technology new areas for wastewater treatment can be opened for implementation. Membrane bioreactors usually find their application fie

An experimental investigation was conducted to study the performance of an aromatic polyamide (ES 20) ultra-lowpressure reverse osmosis membrane (ULPROM) for separating divalent (Cu2+, Ni2+) and hexavalent (Cr6+) heavy metals from bulk solution. The influence of operating pressure, feed concentratio

Industrial application of the use of bubbles to float fine particles in water began before the beginning of this century, in the field of mineral processing. Such bubble flotation was applied very little outside of mineral processing, until about 1960 when the dissolved air process, which had alread

Following laboratory-scale research as part of the LIFE programme, a pilot plant with a capacity of 30 m3/d was built. This plant allowed the optimization of the parameters necessary for the engineering analysis, as well as the extrapolation of results and the development of a treatment plant with a

The severity of the water problem in Jordan was realized in the beginning of the 1980s. Many strategies and measures were proposed to alleviate and overcome this serious problem. These mainly include supply augmentation measures through constructing of various hydraulic structures and groundwater ex

The paper describes a case of rationalization of the use of the waters of a textile factory located in the northern part of Italy. The water used in the factory comes from deep wells located about 170 m below the level of the factory. The yearly used amount of water is about 540,000 m3. Inside the f

Faced with environmental and water shortage problems at their Tutuka Power Station, Eskom, the South African Power Company approached Envig to assist them in finding a solution. This was achieved by the installation of a spiral reverse osmosis (SRO) plant to treat 12 Mld of mine water and spent cool

Due to the predominance of the oil refinery and petrochemical industries, the wastewater from the Apsheron Peninsula, where Baku City is located, contains a considerable amount of oil and oil products, which flow into the Caspian Sea and seriously deteriorate the water environment. There is a wastew