Seawater desalination

The availability of fresh water and energy is the key factor in the development of many countries ,particularly those of large, overpopulated, arid areas. Potable water supply shortage and recent technological development have led to wider application of conventional, yet advanced saline/brackish wa

Reverse osmosis (RO) has been established as a reliable process for seawater desalination. The reliability of the RO technique depends upon the extent of the pretreatment that must be designed to reduce the suspended and colloidal materials in the feedwater. During the last 15 years of research and

In order to appreciate Mankind’s technological advancements, one needs to present a historical overview. This applies to desalination technology (among all other human developments). Over the millennia, desalination did develop very slowly at the start and then its development started to accelerate.

The Royal Commission power, desalination and seawater cooling complex at Madinat Yanbu Al-Sinaiyah (MYAS), Saudi Arabia includes six 380 m³/h multi-stage flash seawater desalination units. Each unit is designed for a top brine temperature of 121°C, employs a decarbonation method using sulfuric acid

In recent years thermal desalination using multiple effect processes, often augmented by thermo-compressors, has become increasingly popular. The basic process has remained unchanged since the late 1800s when scientists such as Rilleaux developed the concepts we use today. At the turn of the century

Very severe troubles of scale formation might be expected when the recovery of water from seawater increases. The main constituents of the scale are CaCO3, Mg(OH)2 and CaSO4, all of which are salts of alkaline earth metals. Therefore, if a key technology will be developed by which the main constitue

In this paper different solar systems of seawater distillation are proposed and economically analyzed. The solar collectors are parabolic trough ones in which brine circulates as thermal fluid. Steam is directly obtained from circulating brine. The solar collector field could be connected to condens

Process control is an essential part of the desalination industry that requires for operation at the optimum operating conditions an increase in the lifetime of the plant and reduction of the unit product cost. A review is presented for the commonly used and newly developed control and instrumentati

Seawater desalination by parallel feed multiple-effect evaporation has a simple layout in comparison with other multiple-effect or multistage desalination systems. Several operating configurations are analyzed, including the parallel flow (MEE–P), the parallel/cross flow (MEE–PC), and systems combin

In recent years thermal desalination using multiple effect processes, often augmented by thermo-compressors, has become increasingly popular. The basic process has remained unchanged since the late 1800s when scientists such as Rilleaux developed the concepts we use today. At the turn of the century