Nanofiltration

The effect of temperature on the retention in nanofiltration of model substances (glucose) and substances in industrial streams has been studied in the temperature interval 25ºC to 65ºC. An increase in temperature decreased the retention until a critical temperature of the membrane was exceeded. Aft

Capillary nanofiltration (NF) enables raw water to be treated in a single step to produce high quality permeate. The permeate can be used as process water for the industry. Trial studies show that a stable operation is achievable using capillary NF without pretreatment (in other words direct NF), th

One of the production facilities of Akzo Nobel Chemicals produces a low pH very dilute aqueous waste stream, containing one or more coloured components and an organic component at saturation concentration. Due to the presence of colour it is not possible to recycle this aqueous stream to the product

In this paper the pilot tests of a recycling process for removing lead form nitric acid solutions have been presented. At first batch tests were performed. Permeate yields up to 80% could be achieved in these tests. Corresponding to these yields the lead concentrations rose up to 70 g/l. Due to the

Water in many areas of Australia is scarce and of poor quality. In some areas high levels of treatment are required either due to contamination of waters or due to high salinity. Nanofiltration (NF) and low-pressure reverse osmosis membranes are well-recognized technologies to treat waters of qualit

An integrated membrane filtration process was developed to produce water of drinking quality out of polluted process water from small and medium-sized enterprises in the food and beverage industries. It comprised a membranesupported bioreactor and a combined nanofiltration/UV disinfection stage. The

A new way to prepare nanofiltration membranes, consisting of in-line external modification of the skin of a polysulfone ultrafiltration hollow fibre skin, is described. The paper presents a continuous process (dip-coating followed by photografting) and the influence of the operating conditions on th

Membrane filtration has become firmly established as a primary technology in ensuring the purity, safety and efficacy of modern Biopharmaceuticals. As the Biopharm/Biotech industry comes to maturity filtration has a key role to play in the reliable and economic production of a wide range of biologic

When using NF/RO membranes in large-scale (drinking) water applications a stable operation of the installation is required to minimize costs. Fouling of membranes will cause an increase in costs due to an increased energy demand, additional labor and costs for cleaning and a shorter lifetime of the

The comparison between two membrane separation processes, like reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF), and the interaction between membrane and pollutant in water cleaning-up were studied. The separation efficiency of pollutants like silica, nitrate, manganese and humic acids (HA) by means of